The ISD I have chosen to review is Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction. Personally, I find this type of instruction to be one that I can relate to the most. Throughout the the “nine steps” I enjoy that it uses relevance and facilitation. Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction starts by introducing the content by seeking a relevant ground that all students can relate. The teacher plays the role of facilitator, guiding the learning as seen fit. Feedback is provided and the assignment is assessed for learning. Buscombe (2013) states that Gagne’s steps are arranged in a way “to maximally enhance the learning process, improve session flow, and ultimately, ensure lesson objectives are comprehensively address” (p. 302). Another upside to this form of learning is that it can be used in multiple fields outside of education. Buscombe (2013) noted that the process of Gagne’s steps are easily transferred to the realm of teaching psychomotor skills to patients who have had certain surgeries.
However, there are no ISD’s without critics with some being more harsh than others. When looking for critical evidence that describes the weakness of this instructional design, it was difficult to find some solid evidence. However, there were some modifications that were found. Modifying notes that the original is not good enough and needs some form of change. For instance, Ilie (2014) noted that it was viewed as incomplete. Through his observations, he was able to see that teachers in Romania had added their own parts to the theory. There are other designs that combine Gagne’s design into less numbers and then add their own steps to the process. Areas that have been added by other designers include discussion related steps, organizational steps, and more (Ilie, 2014). Ilie (2014) also pointed out that in order for this learning process to work, it was required that teachers know their students well. If teachers are unfamiliar with their students or do not know them well, this instructional design can cause some serious struggles for teachers..
As for applying this design to distance education, I find that I relate to this the most through the introductory materials and concepts. Instead of just jumping in the curriculum, there is time spent fostering interest and relevancy to the topic. Personally, I find this to be the most effective with me. When there is something that I can find relatable to the topic, it not only becomes more interesting, but also more effective in my life. There have been classes and subjects that have been covered in college and graduate level classes that I have struggled to find relevant and relatable in my life. This doesn’t mean it lacked importance, but it does point to the idea of creating a foundation of relatability and relevance. Secondly, I find that the role of the facilitator to fit the role very easily in distance learning. The teacher presents some materials. The teacher may start the discussion (even making it relevant and relatable) and turns the reins over to the students to interact, develop, and learn while assessing students’ performance and providing feedback.
References:
Buscombe, C. (2013). Using Gagne’s theory to teach procedural skills. The Clinical Teacher, 10(5), 302-307. doi:10.1111/tct.12051
Ilie, M. (2014). An adaption of Gagné’s instructional model to increase the teaching effectiveness in the classroom: The impact in Romanian Universities. Education Tech Research Dev Educational Technology Research and Development, 62(6), 767-794. doi:10.1007/s11423-014-9353-6
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ReplyDeleteIn order for students to maximize their learning potential, they have to see the relevance in what they are learning. It is pertinent to bring real world examples into lessons being taught so that the students can see why learning certain material is important. Feedback is needed to help students keep their motivation going. Teachers need to take the time to learn about their students so they can better serve them and their educational needs. "Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction can help build the framework with which to prepare and deliver instructional content"(Gagne's Nine Events, n.d.).
ReplyDeleteShanna Ayer
Reference:
Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2015, from http://www.facdev.niu.edu/facdev/resources/guide/learning/gagnes_nine_events_instruction.pdf
Hi Jason,
ReplyDeleteI really enjoyed reading your blog post. I have never heard of Gagne’s Nine Steps of Instruction before this class. After reading your post I did more research on it and I would agree with you that this is a type of instruction that many educators could relate to. To me the first step is the most important step and that is to gain the attention of the students or audience. This is like have hooking a fish. Once you get the attention if the students then they are more likely to want to learn about the lesson. The fist step can be thought of as an interest device or a teaser (Clark, 2015). I had a middle school social studies teacher who would always started his lessons with a story of a person who was in the time period that we were studying. This would always grab all the students’ attention. His stories were so good in between classes students would tell these stories to kids that did not have his class. Another component that I find important is feedback. I found that feedback is critique in online learning. Feedback allows the student to understand what he/she is doing right or wrong. It also have been a motivation to for me when I see I am doing something good.
Refernece(s)
Clark, D. (2015, May 23). Robert Gagné's Nine Steps of Instruction. Retrieved from The Performance Juxtaposition Site: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/nine_step_id.html
Gagne's nine step is a very interesting ISD. In any and all subjects it is good to start of with something that the student can relate to. This will gain their attention and hopefully it will keep the student engaged throughout the entire lesson. There is not a one size fits all ISD but this one seems to have the makings of one that comes close to it. As you mentioned finding something that you can relate to in a lesson will make it all the more interesting and will give you a different perspective on the topic. Giving students options on what to write on for instance can help them find something that is relevant and meaningful to them that also is directed to the lesson at hand.
ReplyDeleteBe blessed!
Hi Jason,
ReplyDeleteI enjoyed reading your blog. I have never read about Gagne's Nine Steps of Instruction until this week. I find them very interesting and your response interesting as well. The key point that I think you made that is probably one of the most important of these nine steps, is the fact that common ground with all students needs to be achieved in some way or another. As we teach, it would be impractical to go into a classroom and think that all students knew the same amount of material about every subject we were teaching. So, just trying to establish common ground between the learners, get an idea of where they all are, and then go from there makes a whole lot more sense than just diving in at a predetermined point in the material.
The first step of gaining the attention of your audience, in my opinion, is one of the most commonly used and most important steps to initiating interest of the learner to the teacher. We all can remember teachers whose classes reset through that we thought were never going to end! They were very dry and uninteresting which made it very hard to develop an interest in the subject at hand. However, we have probably all seen instructors, also, who opened with a funny story, joke, and interesting fact, or a quote. Not only do teachers use this, many of us have seen preachers who opened their sermons with the same kind of technique. This technique seems to have a significant impact on gaining your audience's attention from the first moment you speak. I also think this step ties into the adult learning theory within several of the assumptions that Malcolm makes with adult learners; one being experience, another being motivation to learn . By making the subject more relatable, the adult learning theory is enhanced. Thank you for your meaningful insight into the subject this week!
Amanda Parton
References:
Andragogy. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2015, from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/andragogy.html
Distance Education. (2014). Retrieved May 18, 2015, from http://instructionaldesign.gordoncomputer.com/Learning.html
Keesee, G. (Ed.). (2011). Andragogy-Adult Learning Theory. Retrieved May 18, 2015, from http://teachinglearningresources.pbworks.com/w/page/30310516/Andragogy--Adult Learning Theory
One more reference:
DeleteClark, D. (2004, October 1). Robert Gange's Nine Steps of Instruction. Retrieved May 24, 2015, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/nine_step_id.html